來源：昌昇自動化時間：2021-06-17
1.電機軟啟動器故障事例一
1.1 故障的發生
一台185kW電動機的突然出現自行運轉啟動，但是當時操作工並未進行啟動操作，且現場按停止按鈕也無法停下設備，檢查PLC的(de)遠(yuan)程(cheng)控(kong)製(zhi)也(ye)未(wei)發(fa)出(chu)啟(qi)動(dong)命(ming)令(ling)，通(tong)過(guo)檢(jian)查(zha)之(zhi)後(hou)，排(pai)除(chu)了(le)外(wai)部(bu)因(yin)素(su)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)突(tu)然(ran)啟(qi)動(dong)。將(jiang)設(she)備(bei)斷(duan)電(dian)後(hou)，然(ran)後(hou)使(shi)用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)對(dui)軟(ruan)啟(qi)動(dong)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)測(ce)，用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)檢(jian)測(ce)軟啟動器的模塊或可控矽是否擊穿，及他們的觸發門極電阻是否符合正常情況下的要求（一般在20-30歐左右），發現軟啟動器的A相和B相xiang晶jing閘zha管guan導dao通tong，因yin設she計ji圖tu中zhong軟ruan啟qi動dong上shang側ce未wei設she計ji主zhu接jie觸chu器qi，而er是shi斷duan路lu器qi直zhi接jie連lian接jie軟ruan啟qi動dong器qi電dian源yuan側ce，在zai軟ruan啟qi兩liang相xiang晶jing閘zha管guan擊ji穿chuan後hou現xian場chang電dian機ji帶dai兩liang相xiang電dian缺que相xiang運yun行xing，險xian些xie造zao成cheng人ren員yuan及ji設she備bei損sun壞huai。
1.2 解決措施
該(gai)設(she)備(bei)為(wei)破(po)碎(sui)機(ji)，屬(shu)於(yu)重(zhong)載(zai)設(she)備(bei)，且(qie)根(gen)據(ju)記(ji)錄(lu)顯(xian)示(shi)，這(zhe)個(ge)設(she)備(bei)在(zai)短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)有(you)多(duo)次(ci)啟(qi)停(ting)記(ji)錄(lu)，而(er)軟(ruan)啟(qi)動(dong)可(ke)控(kong)矽(gui)屬(shu)於(yu)電(dian)子(zi)產(chan)品(pin)，易(yi)損(sun)壞(huai)，造(zao)成(cheng)軟(ruan)啟(qi)動(dong)可(ke)控(kong)矽(gui)損(sun)壞(huai)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)有(you)電(dian)機(ji)在(zai)起(qi)動(dong)時(shi)，過(guo)電(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)軟(ruan)起(qi)動(dong)器(qi)擊(ji)穿(chuan)、起動頻繁，高溫將可控矽損壞，濾波板損壞（更換損壞元件） 輸(shu)入(ru)缺(que)相(xiang)等(deng)。而(er)該(gai)設(she)備(bei)的(de)頻(pin)繁(fan)啟(qi)停(ting)導(dao)致(zhi)軟(ruan)啟(qi)動(dong)器(qi)可(ke)控(kong)矽(gui)過(guo)熱(re)損(sun)壞(huai)。通(tong)過(guo)這(zhe)一(yi)係(xi)列(lie)的(de)判(pan)斷(duan)和(he)分(fen)析(xi)後(hou)，經(jing)過(guo)更(geng)換(huan)電(dian)機(ji)軟(ruan)啟(qi)動(dong)器(qi)之(zhi)後(hou)，電(dian)機(ji)設(she)備(bei)可(ke)以(yi)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)啟(qi)動(dong)和(he)運(yun)行(xing)，確(que)定(ding)了(le)故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)正(zheng)是(shi)上(shang)述(shu)因(yin)素(su)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)。
2.1 故障的出現
在zai進jin行xing企qi業ye生sheng產chan的de時shi候hou，操cao作zuo人ren員yuan在zai控kong製zhi室shi發fa現xian某mou一yi監jian測ce電dian機ji運yun行xing的de電dian流liu表biao並bing沒mei有you顯xian示shi電dian流liu，因yin此ci就jiu到dao現xian場chang進jin行xing檢jian查zha，發fa現xian這zhe一yi台tai電dian機ji並bing沒mei有you工gong作zuo，然ran後hou按an下xia開kai啟qi按an鈕niu後hou，電dian機ji依yi然ran沒mei有you運yun行xing。當dang檢jian修xiu人ren員yuan去qu配pei電dian室shi進jin行xing檢jian查zha後hou，發fa現xian電dian機ji軟ruan啟qi動dong器qi以yi及ji保bao護hu器qi並bing沒mei有you故gu障zhang報bao警jing，也ye沒mei有you顯xian示shi故gu障zhang，直zhi到dao檢jian查zha控kong製zhi器qi的de元yuan件jian時shi聞wen到dao很hen濃nong的de燒shao焦jiao味wei道dao，經jing過guo仔zai細xi的de檢jian查zha，發fa現xian在zaika1中(zhong)間(jian)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)上(shang)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)焦(jiao)黑(hei)的(de)痕(hen)跡(ji)，而(er)旁(pang)路(lu)接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)沒(mei)有(you)吸(xi)合(he)。即(ji)使(shi)在(zai)更(geng)換(huan)了(le)一(yi)個(ge)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)之(zhi)後(hou)，設(she)備(bei)也(ye)依(yi)然(ran)不(bu)能(neng)運(yun)行(xing)。然(ran)後(hou)又(you)檢(jian)查(zha)了(le)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)其(qi)他(ta)元(yuan)件(jian)，沒(mei)有(you)發(fa)現(xian)其(qi)他(ta)的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)情(qing)況(kuang)。
2.2 對產生故障的原因進行分析
shouxianxuyaogenjupanglujiechuqibuxihedeqingkuangjinxingfenxi，quedingruanqidongqizhongpanglujidianqishangdeshuchuduanzizaishebeiqidongshideyunxingzhuangtai。tongguogenghuanqidongfangshi，tongshijiangwanyongbiaodedianzudangtiaodaoleRX1dang，liyongwanyongbiaolaijianzhashuchuduanzidelianjieqingkuang。jianzhazhihouzaicikaiqiruanqidongqi，shijimiaohou，wanyongbiaodexianshishangbingmeiyouweizhibianhua，suoyi，genjuzhezhongqingkuang，panduanchuzhegejidianqizhongdeshuchuduanchuxianwenti，bunengshunlidejinxingbihe，congershipanglujidianqibunengzhengchangdeyunxing，yingxiangdaodianjideqidong。yinweichangshijiandebuduanlianjiehebihe，jidianqichudianguorechuxiansunshangcongershidianzubianda，shijidianqixianquandedianyabiandi，jinerbeishaohui，yingxiangdaojiechuqidexihegongneng，yejiuchuzaochengruanqidongqibunengzhengchangdeyunxing。
有了判斷之後，就需要檢查軟啟動器中的可控矽和相關的電路是不是正常。首先為了保證不損壞設備，將負載電纜進行了拆除，然後將3gexingxinglianjiededengpaojiezaileruanqidongqideshuchuduanshang，jiangzhesangedengpaolaidangzuofuzai，ranhoumonidiandongjideqidongguochengheyunxingguocheng。yiqiedouzhunbeihaohou，anxiaruanqidongqishangdeqidonganniujinxingqidong，anxiaanniuhouyunxingdezhishidengkaishiliangqilai，dangruanqidongqitongguodianliuzhihou，nasangedengpaokaishibianliang。jingguozheyangdefangfa，quedingleruanqidongqizhongdekekongguiyijidianludeyunxinghechufashizhengchangde。
2.3 解決方案
因(yin)為(wei)並(bing)沒(mei)有(you)準(zhun)備(bei)好(hao)備(bei)用(yong)的(de)軟(ruan)啟(qi)動(dong)器(qi)，所(suo)以(yi)為(wei)了(le)保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)與(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)進(jin)行(xing)，就(jiu)使(shi)用(yong)了(le)一(yi)個(ge)小(xiao)型(xing)的(de)數(shu)顯(xian)時(shi)間(jian)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)延(yan)時(shi)閉(bi)合(he)觸(chu)點(dian)來(lai)代(dai)替(ti)電(dian)機(ji)軟(ruan)啟(qi)動(dong)中(zhong)的(de)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)觸(chu)點(dian)，來(lai)保(bao)證(zheng)旁(pang)路(lu)接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)吸(xi)合(he)功(gong)能(neng)，從(cong)供(gong)電(dian)係(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)切(qie)除(chu)了(le)電(dian)機(ji)軟(ruan)啟(qi)動(dong)器(qi)。同(tong)時(shi)，為(wei)了(le)防(fang)止(zhi)其(qi)他(ta)的(de)元(yuan)件(jian)也(ye)出(chu)現(xian)損(sun)壞(huai)，比(bi)如(ru)中(zhong)間(jian)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)線(xian)圈(quan)出(chu)現(xian)短(duan)路(lu)而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)軟(ruan)啟(qi)動(dong)器(qi)觸(chu)點(dian)的(de)損(sun)壞(huai)，就(jiu)在(zai)2ka的線圈驅動回路上增加了一個熔斷器，在這個熔斷器裏麵安裝一個額定電流是1Adebaoxiansi，liyongzhegerongduanqiheyiyouderongduanqilaibaohuruanqidongqizhongdejidianqi。tongshi，zaiqidongdianjihou，dianjikeyizhengchangdeyunxinghegongzuo，yekeyizhengchangdetingzhiyunxing。
3.結束語
dianjiruanqidongqidechuxian，bimianlejiaoliudianjizaiqidongdeshihoushoudaodadianliuduidianwangdengfangmiandeyingxiang，jiejuelegongdianxianluhaoguodadewenti，suoyi，dianjiruanqidongqibeirenmenguangfandeyingyongzaiqiyeshengchanzhong。dianqishebeizaichangjiudebujianduangongzuozhong，henrongyichuxiangezhonggeyangdeguzhang，bingqieyouyushiyongyudagonglvdianjideruanqidongqisuoxuyaoxiaohaogengdadechengben，yinci，zhezhongdianjiruanqidongqiduiyuqiyelaishuoshiyizhongzhongyaodeshengchanzichan。weilejiangdiqiyezaizhefangmiantourudechengben，jiuxuyaoweixiuguanlirenyuan，duiguzhanglizibuduandejinxingyanjiuhefenxi，tongguobuduandezongjie，youhuaruanqidongqideyingyongfangan，congertigaoruanqidongqideshiyongshouming，cujinqiyedeshengchanyufazhan。
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